Mmetụta fotorefractive bụ ihe ndabere nke ngwa ngwa anya holographic, ma ọ na-ewetakwa nsogbu na ngwa ngwa anya ndị ọzọ, ya mere a na-akwụ ụgwọ nlebara anya nke ọma na nguzogide fotorefractive nke lithium niobate crystal, n'ime nke usoro doping bụ usoro kachasị mkpa.N'adịghị ka doping photorefractive, mgbochi-photorefractive doping na-eji ihe ndị nwere valent na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe iji belata etiti fotorefractive.N'afọ 1980, a kọrọ na nguzogide fotorefractive nke oke kristal Mg-doped LN na-abawanye site n'iwu nke ịdị ukwuu 2, nke dọtara mmasị dị ukwuu.N'afọ 1990, ndị nchọpụta chọpụtara na zinc-doped LN nwere nnukwu nguzogide photorefractive dị ka magnesium-doped LN.Ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị, a chọpụtara na scandium-doped na indium-doped LN nwekwara nguzogide fotorefractive.

Na 2000, Xu et al.chọpụtara na eluoke Mg-dopedLNkristal nwere nnukwu nguzogide fotorefractive na band a na-ahụ anyasọmarịcha fotorefractive arụmọrụ na UV band.Nchọpụta a mebiri site na nghọta nkenkefotorefractive eguzogide nkeLNkristal, ma jupụtakwa oghere nke ihe nrụpụta foto etinyere na band ultraviolet.Ogologo ebili mmiri dị mkpụmkpụ pụtara na nha holographic grating nwere ike ịdị ntakịrị ma dị mma, enwere ike ihichapụ ngwa ngwa wee dee ya na grating site na ọkụ ultraviolet, wee gụọ ya site na ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na ọkụ ndụ ndụ, iji ghọta ngwa nke holographic optics dị ike. .Lamarque et al.nakweere eluoke Mg-dopedLN kristal nyere site na Mahadum Nankai dị ka UV fotorefractiveihewee nweta akara laser akụkụ abụọ nwere ike ime mmemme site na iji nkwalite ọkụ abụọ jikọtara ọnụ.

N'oge mmalite, ihe ndị na-egbochi fotofractive doping gụnyere ihe dị iche iche na trivalent dị ka magnesium, zinc, indium na scandium.Na 2009, Kong et al.mepụtara doping mgbochi fotofractive site na iji tetraihe bara uru dị ka hafnium, zirconium na tin.Mgbe ị na-enweta otu nkwụsi ike nke photorefractive, ma e jiri ya tụnyere divalent na trivalent doped ọcha, ọnụ ọgụgụ doping nke ihe tetradvalent dị ntakịrị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, 4.0 mol% hafnium na 6.0 mol% magnesium doped.LNkristal nwere similanguzogide fotorefractive,2.0 mol% zirconium na 6.5 mol% magnesium dopedLNkristal nwere similanguzogide fotorefractive.Ọzọkwa, ọnụọgụ nkewa nke hafnium, zirconium na tin na lithium niobate dị nso na 1, nke dị mma maka nkwadebe nke kristal dị elu.

LN dị elu mepụtara site na WISOPTIC [www.wisoptic.com]