Igwe laser dị elu nwere ngwa dị mkpa na nyocha sayensị na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha dị ka nhazi laser na nha fotoelectric. A mụrụ laser mbụ nke ụwa na 1960. N'afọ 1962, McClung jiri nitrobenzene Kerr cell nweta nchekwa ike na ntọhapụ ngwa ngwa, si otú ahụ nweta laser pulsed na ike elu dị elu. Mpụta nke teknụzụ mgbanwe Q bụ ihe dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe laser dị elu. Site na usoro a, a na-ejikọta ike laser na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ obosara n'ime usu nwere ogologo oge dị warara. A na-abawanye ike elu laser site n'ọtụtụ iwu dị ukwuu. Teknụzụ mgbanwe elektrọn-optic Q nwere uru dị n'oge mgbanwe dị mkpụmkpụ, mmepụta pulse kwụsiri ike, mmekọrịta dị mma, yana mfu oghere dị ala. Ike kacha elu nke laser mmepụta nwere ike iru narị megawatts n'ụzọ dị mfe.

Electro-optic Q-switching bụ teknụzụ dị mkpa maka inweta obosara usu dị warara na ike laser dị elu. Ụkpụrụ ya bụ iji mmetụta electro-optic nke kristal iji nweta mgbanwe mberede na nkwụsị ike nke laser resonator, si otú ahụ na-achịkwa nchekwa na ntọhapụ ngwa ngwa nke ike n'ime oghere ma ọ bụ usoro laser. Mmetụta electro-optical nke kristal na-ezo aka n'ihe omume anụ ahụ nke ntụgharị ntụgharị nke ìhè na kristal na-agbanwe na ike nke ọkụ eletrik etinyere nke kristal. Ihe na-eme mgbanwe mgbanwe index refractive na ike nke ọkụ eletrik etinyere nwere njikọ kwụ ọtọ ka a na-akpọ linear electro-optics, ma ọ bụ Pockels Effect. Ihe a na-eme na ngbanwe ntụgharị ntụgharị na square nke ike ọkụ eletrik etinyere nwere njikọ kwụ ọtọ ka a na-akpọ mmetụta electro-optic nke abụọ ma ọ bụ Kerr Effect.

N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, mmetụta electro-optic linear nke kristal dị ịrịba ama karịa mmetụta electro-optic nke abụọ. A na-eji mmetụta elektrọ-optic linear eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na teknụzụ na-agbanwegharị electro-optic. Ọ dị na kristal 20 niile nwere otu isi ihe na-abụghị centrosymmetric. Ma dị ka ezigbo electro-optic ihe onwunwe, ndị a kristal na-abụghị nanị chọrọ inwe a ọzọ doro anya mmetụta electro-optic, kamakwa kwesịrị ekwesị ìhè nnyefe nso, elu laser mmebi ọnụ ụzọ, na nkwụsi ike nke physicochemical Njirimara, ezigbo okpomọkụ àgwà, mfe nke nhazi. na ma enwere ike nweta otu kristal nwere nnukwu nha na ogo dị elu. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, kristal bara uru electro-optic Q-switching kwesịrị iji tụnyere akụkụ ndị a: (1) ọnụọgụ electro-optic dị irè; (2) ọnụ ụzọ mmebi laser; (3) oke nnyefe ọkụ; (4) eletriki resistivity; (5) dielectric mgbe niile; (6) Njirimara anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal; (7) igwe eji arụ ọrụ. Site na mmepe nke ngwa na ọganihu nkà na ụzụ nke mkpirisi mkpụmkpụ, ugboro ugboro ugboro ugboro, na usoro laser dị elu, ihe ndị chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ nke kristal Q-switching na-anọgide na-abawanye.

N'oge mmalite nke mmepe nke teknụzụ electro-optic Q-switching, naanị kristal a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ lithium niobate (LN) na potassium di-deuterium phosphate (DKDP). kristal LN nwere ọnụ ụzọ mmebi laser dị ala ma a na-ejikarị ya na lasers ike dị ala ma ọ bụ nke ọkara. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi azụ azụ nke teknụzụ nkwadebe kristal, ọdịdị anya nke LN kristal adịlarị ogologo oge, nke na-egbochikwa ngwa ya sara mbara na lasers. DKDP crystal bụ deuterated phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen (KDP) kristal. Ọ nwere ọnụ ụzọ mmebi dị elu dị elu ma ejiri ya mee ihe na sistemụ laser electro-optic Q. Otú ọ dị, kristal DKDP na-adịkarị mfe na-eri nri ma nwee ogologo oge uto, nke na-egbochi ngwa ya ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Rubidium titanyl oxyphosphate (RTP) kristal, barium metaborate (β-BBO) kristal, lanthanum gallium silicate (LGS) crystal, lithium tantalate (LT) crystal na potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) kristal na-ejikwa na electro-optic Q-switching laser. usoro.

 Mkpụrụ ndụ DKDP Pockels dị elu nke WISOPTIC mere (@1064nm, 694nm)