Lithium niobate (LiNbO₃, nke akpọchiri dị ka LN) bụ kristal arụrụ arụ ọrụ yana ọtụtụ ebumnuche nke integrates magburu onwe electro-optic, acousto-optic, elastic-optic, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, photorefractive mmetụta na ndị ọzọ anụ ahụ Njirimara. kristal LN bụ nke sistemu kristal trigonal, yana usoro ferroelectric na ọnụ ụlọ okpomọkụ, 3m otu isi, na R3c otu oghere. N'afọ 1949, Matthias na Remeika haziri otu kristal LN, na 1965 Ballman tolitere nnukwu kristal LN.

In'afọ 1970 LN ca malitere iji rystals mee ihe na nkwadebe nke electro-optic Q-switch. kristal LN nwere uru nke enweghị deliquescent, obere voltaji ọkara ebili mmiri, mpụta mpụta, dị mfe ime electrodes, iji dị mma na mmezi, wdg, mana ha na-enwekarị mgbanwe mgbanwe fotorefractive ma nwee obere mmebi laser. N'otu oge ahụ, ihe isi ike nke ịkwadebe kristal ngwa anya dị elu na-eduga n'ịdị mma kristal na-enweghị isi. Ogologo oge,kristal LN nwere naanị eji na ụfọdụ ala ma ọ bụ Sistemụ laser nke ọkara ike 1064 nm.

Iji dozie ihe nsogbu nke fotorefractive mmetụta, ọtụtụ ọrụs have e rụrụ. N'ihi na kristal LN a na-ejikarị eme ihebụ nke mepụtara eutectic ruru nke otu mejupụtara nke mmiri siri ike steeti, tebe a bụ ntụpọ dị ka ohere lithium na mgbochi niobium na kristal. Ọ dị mfe iji dozie ihe ndị kristal site n'ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara na doping. N'afọ 1980,ya’s chọpụtara na kristal doping LN nwere ọdịnaya magnesium karịa 4.6 mol% na-abawanyes nke nguzogide mmebi foto site na ihe karịrị otu usoro nke ịdị ukwuu. E mebekwara kristal ndị ọzọ na-egbochi fotorefractive doped LN, dị ka zinc-doped, scandium-doped, indium-doped, hafnium-doped, zirconium-doped., wdg. N'ihi na doped LN nwere àgwà anya adịghị mma, na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti photorefraction na laser mmebi bụ enweghị nnyocha, o nwere ejibeghị ya ọtụtụ ebe.

Iji dozie nsogbu ndị dị na uto nke nnukwu dayameta, kristal LN dị oke anya, ndị nchọpụta mepụtara usoro njikwa kọmputa na 2004, bụ nke edoziri nsogbu ahụ nke ọma n'oge uto nke nnukwu nha. LN. A na-emeziwanye ọkwa nke nha nha nha anya nke ọma, nke na-emeri mgbanwe mberede na dayameta kpatara site na njikwa adịghị mma nke usoro uto kristal, ma na-eme ka ọdịdị anya nke crystal dịkwuo mma. Iri otu anya nke 3 inch LN crystal dị mma karịa 3 × 10^-5 cm^-1.

N'afọ 2010, onye nyochas tụrụ aro na nrụgide dị na kristal LN bụ isi ihe kpatara nkwụsi ike ọnọdụ okpomọkụ adịghị mma nke LN electro-optical Q-mgbanwe. Na ndabere nke kọmputa-achịkwa Teknụzụ nha nha nhata ka ọ na-eto ogo ngwa anya LN kristal, a na-eji usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ pụrụ iche iji belata ihe fọdụrụ nke oghere ahụ. N'afọ 2013,onye tụrụ aro na, dị ka nrụgide dị n'ime, nrụgide mpụta nke mpụga nwere otu mmetụta na tọ nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ nke ngwa electro-optic Q-switching nke kristal LN. Ha mepụtara ihe Nkà na ụzụ mgbakọ na-agbanwe agbanwe iji merie nsogbu nchekasị nke mpụga nke omenala siri ike clamping kpatara, na Usoro a akwalitela ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na usoro 1064 nm nke lasers.

N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi na LN crystal nwere obosara eriri nnyefe ọkụ na nnukwu ọnụọgụ electro-optic dị irè, enwere ike iji ya na sistemụ laser infrared waveband, dị ka 2 μm na 2.28 mm.

Ruo ogologo oge, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ọrụs have Emere ya na kristal LN, a ka na-enwekwa nyocha nke usoro LN’s Njirimara fotorefrared infrared, ọnụ ụzọ mmebi laser dị n'ime, yana usoro mmetụta nke doping na ọnụ ụzọ mmebi. Ngwa nke electro-optical Q-switchingnke LN crystal ewetala ọtụtụ mgbagwoju anya. N'otu oge ahụ, ihe mejupụtara nke kristal LN dị mgbagwoju anya, na ụdị na ọnụọgụ nke ntụpọ dị ukwuu, na-akpata dị iche iche.ce emepụtara site na ọkụ dị iche iche, batches dị iche iche, na ọbụna akụkụ dị iche iche nke otu mpempe kristal. Enwere ike inwe nnukwu ọdịiche dị na kristal dị mma. Ọ na-esiri ike ịchịkwa arụmọrụ arụmọrụ nke ngwaọrụ electro-optic Q, nke na-egbochikwa ngwa nke electrooptic Q-switching nke kristal LN ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.

Mkpụrụ ndụ LN Pockels dị elu nke WISOPTIC mere